Analysing Principal Components Of Physiographic And Non-Physiographic Factors Affecting Groundwater Level In Yamunanagar District, Haryana, India

Abstract

Groundwater management and sustainability are seriously threatened by the spatiotemporal decline in groundwater level. In India's Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), intensive agricultural and quick industrial growth has increased the stress on groundwater. In this study, we will examine the variability of underground water and how it relates to physiographic and non-physiographic variables in the Yamunanagar district from 2010 to 2020. The dataset has been used to analyse the spatial, and temporal variations of groundwater levels and their relationship with physiographic and non-physiographic aspects. The results of the study revealed that the northern and centre regions of the district exhibit favourable groundwater conditions. The analysis revealed a notable linear relationship between rainfall variability and fluctuations in the groundwater table. The water demand and groundwater levels show a strong relationship because they are directly related to groundwater extraction. It indicates that the increasing trend of groundwater depth or groundwater stress in the southeastern part of the study region is due to the excess use of water in industrial and domestic practices during the study period. Excessive use of groundwater for agriculture has led to groundwater depletion between 2010 and 2020. To enhance the current fixed irrigation system, it is recommended to advocate for an alternative irrigation system. The findings emphasize the need for adaptation and mitigation methods, standardization of groundwater management regulations, and the need for adequate supervision of well drilling practices. Climate change also plays a significant role in groundwater dynamics.