Sustainability of Green Building Construction Using Recycled Aggregate Concrete: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The construction industry is a major contributor to global environmental challenges, prompting the exploration of sustainable materials like Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the sustainability potential of RAC in green building construction, focusing on its environmental, mechanical, and economic aspects. We examine the fundamentals of RAC, comparing it with conventional concrete, and highlight its environmental impact, including the reduction of natural resource exploitation and carbon emissions. The paper also discusses the mechanical properties and durability of RAC, emphasizing its potential for long-term structural performance. Additionally, the economic feasibility of RAC, along with challenges related to quality control, standardization, and social acceptance, are analysed. Furthermore, future directions in advanced recycling technologies, nanotechnology, and AI integration in construction are explored. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to foster the global adoption of RAC and improve its performance through innovation and regulatory support. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and construction industry professionals in advancing the use of sustainable materials for future green buildings.