A Geographical Analysis of Basic Amenities and Infrastructure in India

Abstract

Access to the basic public services which are also known as fundamental civic services and infrastructure like electricity, sanitation drinking water, toilet facility, housing condition. These types of amenities are considered the backbone of the cities and towns, a huge migration that has been reported for seeking the better fundamental necessities for human well-being. Urban areas of country is assumed as center of development in reference with basic amenities and infrastructure. As per report of census 2001, at least 16 percent households have no accessibility of safe drinking water, approximately 13 percent of the urban HHs do not have accessibility of electricity and at least 27 present of urban HHs have no availability of toilet facility. It is observed that one fifth of the urban households do not have any access to sewage facility. The proportion of households without access to basic amenities has increased significantly after ten years, as showed by the 2011 census report. However, the level of basic facilities in urban areas remains unsatisfactory, with 7% of urban households not having electricity, 12% not having safe drinking water, and at least 17% not having a toilet facility. This comprehensive study focuses on examining access to basic amenities, which covers at the state level, including 28 states and 7 UTs. This paper aims to analyse the availability of urban and rural HHs amenities in India based on HHs facilities and HHs assets data released by the Indian population census (2001 and 2011) and NSSO (78th round survey).