Inclusion of Differently Abled Students in Higher Education through Modern Technology: A Comprehensive Analysis with Reference to RPwD Act 2016 and NEP 2020

Abstract

The integration of modern technology has significantly enhanced inclusive education for differently abled students in India’s higher education system. Guided by the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act of 2016 and supported by the inclusive vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, this research explores how technology fosters accessibility, equity, and empowerment. Tools such as screen readers, text-to-speech software, speech recognition systems, and adaptive devices like Braille displays and hearing aids are transforming learning environments. Digital platforms—e-books, online lectures, multimedia content, and virtual classrooms—enable flexible, interactive, and personalized learning experiences, removing many physical and structural barriers.

This study adopts a mixed-method approach involving a survey of 50 students with disabilities from Pune district of Maharashtra to understand how assistive technologies support their academic inclusion. The survey evaluates access to and effectiveness of digital tools, satisfaction with institutional support, and overall learning outcomes. Findings suggest that while technological advancements and national policies like the NEP 2020 have opened new pathways for inclusion, challenges remain in implementation and awareness. This research offers valuable insights and recommendations for institutions, policymakers, and technology developers to build a more inclusive higher education ecosystem.